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Unix
FAQ
• Is index.phpl a different file from INDEX.HTML?
• How do I get online help for a UNIX command?
• How do I list my files & directories?
• How do I change directories?
• How do I make directories?
• How do I remove directories?
• How do I copy files & directories?
• How do I move (rename) files?
• How do I remove files?
• How do I search within files?
• How do I change file and directory permissions?
• How do I back up files & directories?
• How do I compress & uncompress files & directories?
Yes, unlike Windows or DOS, UNIX is case sensitive. This means
that index.phpl is different from Index.phpl, INDEX.HTML and
all its various case combinations.
This can create a problem when transferring your site from your
hard drive (Windows or DOS) to one of our UNIX servers. It can
often result in pages having broken links and missing images.
If you encounter this problem, check to make sure that the hyperlinks
contained within your web pages correspond to the exact filenames
on your web site. If they do not match, you can either modify
your links or rename your files with an FTP program so they
match your hyperlinks.
Also note that your user name, password and all UNIX commands
are case sensitive.
The man command,
short for manual, displays online help for a particular UNIX
command.
Type man ls
at the command prompt to get information on the ls command.
The ls command lists the files and subdirectories
of the current directory. This is equivalent to the dir
command in DOS.
ls -a will show all hidden files
such as .htaccess
ls -l will show detailed information
including permissions, owners, size and file modification time.
The cd command
will change to another directory. This is equivalent to the
cd, chdir in DOS.
Once you login to your account with telnet, type cd
HTML to change to your HTML directory.
Type cd to return to your home directory (
/home/your_user_name )
Type cd ..
to change to the directory just above the current one.
The mkdir command
makes a new directory. This is equivalent to the md,
mkdir commands in DOS.
At a telnet prompt, type mkdir test to create
a new directory called test.
The rmdir command
will remove an empty directory. This is equivalent to the rd,
rmdir commands in DOS.
At a telnet prompt, type rmdir test to remove
a directory called test.
The cp command copies a file to a new directory or filename.
This is equivalent to the copy command in DOS.
- Typing cp welcome.php
index.phpl at the telnet prompt will copy
the welcome.php file to the index.phpl file.
- Typing cp welcome.php
HTML/index.phpl at the telnet prompt will
copy welcome.php to the index.phpl located in the HTML directory.
Typing cp * /home/your_user_name/HTML
at the telnet prompt will copy all the files in the current
directory to your HTML directory
The mv command moves a file to a new location or renames it.
This is equivalent to the move, ren, rename commands in DOS.
- Typing mv * /home/your_user_name/HTML
at the telnet prompt will move all the files in the current
directory to your HTML directory
- Typing mv welcome.php
index.phpl at the telnet prompt will rename
the welcome.php file to the index.phpl file.
- Typing mv welcome.php
HTML/index.phpl at the telnet prompt will
rename welcome.php to index.phpl located in the HTML directory.
The rm command
removes (deletes) a file.
Please be careful removing files; there is no un-remove
command!
This is equivalent to the del
command in DOS.
Typing rm test.php
at the telnet prompt will remove the test.php file.
The grep command
finds lines in files that match specified text patterns.
The syntax is as follows grep
text filename
- Typing grep welcome index.phpl
at the telnet prompt will find any lines in the index.phpl containing
the text welcome in them.
- Typing grep hello *
at the telnet prompt will find any files in the current directory
that contain the text hello in them.
The chmod command
sets the permissions of a file or directory. There are 3 sets
of permissions for files and directories: owner, group and other
which are controlled by read, write and execute permissions.
This is equivalent to the attrib
command in DOS.
- Type chmod 755 *.cgi
to make your cgi scripts executable.
- Type chmod 755 cgi
to set the permissions on your CGI directory.
The tar command
is an archiving utility for packing many files into a single
archive file while retaining file permissions and ownership.
- Type tar cvf backup1.tar
HTML in your home directory to archive the
contents of your HTML directory into backup1.tar
- Type tar xvf backup1.tar
in your home directory to restore (replace) the contents
of your HTML directory from backup1.tar
The tar command
can be used with gzip to compress many files into a single archive
while retaining file permissions and ownership. Please note
that these files can be decompressed with WinZIP.
- Type tar czvf backup2.tgz
HTML in your home directory to compress
the contents of your HTML directory into backup2.tgz
- Type tar xzvf backup2.tgz
in your home directory to restore (replace) the contents
of your HTML directory from backup2.tgz
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